What is a possible complication of untreated gestational diabetes?

• A. Preterm labor
• B. Increased risk of hypertension
• C. Macrosomia
• D. Placental abruption

Answer: (C)

Untreated gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomia, a condition characterized by the baby being significantly larger than average. When a mother has high blood sugar levels due to gestational diabetes, excess glucose can cross the placenta and stimulate the baby's pancreas to produce more insulin. This can lead to increased fat deposition and growth in the fetus, resulting in macrosomia.

Macrosomia not only increases the risk of delivery complications, such as requiring a cesarean section due to the larger size of the baby, but it can also lead to further health issues for the newborn, including a higher chance of obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. Understanding this complication emphasizes the importance of managing blood sugar levels during pregnancy to promote both maternal and fetal health.